Answers
E20-2:
(a): Variable cost = highest activity cost - lowest activity cost/highest activity units - lowest activity units
= 5500-2700/700-300
= 2800/400
= $7 per machine hour
Fixed cost = highest activity cost - (variable cost as computed above * highest activity units) = 5500 - (7*700) = 600
Thus fixed cost = $600 and variable cost = $7 per machine hour
(b): The graph is provided below:
In the above graph machine hours is shown in the x axis and costs in the y axis.
E20-3:
(a): Variable costs = 75% of sales = 75% of 30 = 22.5. Thus contribution margin in dollars per unit = 30-22.5 = $7.5
CM ratio = 7.5/30 = 25%
(b): Break even point in dollars = Total fixed costs/CM ratio = $18,000/25% = $72,000
Break even point in units = fixed costs/selling price per unit - varible cost per unit = 18,000/30-22.5 = 2,400
(c): Current profits at 2,700 sale units = 2700*(30-22.5) - 18,000 = $2,250
Value of sales = 2700*30 = 81,000. Thus new sales = 81,000+18,000 = 99,000 and so units = 99,000/30 = 3300 units.
New profit = 3300*(30-22.5) - 18,000 = $6,750
Thus profit will increase by 6750-2250
= $4,500