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Heart failure occurs when the heart becomes ineffectual in pumping blood to meet the body's need and is defined as when muscles of the heart fail to pump blood to meet body's needs. This occurs in some cases like narrowed arteries in the heart, hypertension. Heart failure is otherwise known as congestive heart failure. Heart failure is basically reduced cardiac output, which affects the functioning of the system.
Causes or risk factors:
High blood pressure (uncontrolled hypertension)
Excess weight (obesity)
Uncontrolled stress and anger
Physical inactivity
Diabetes
Left side and right side heart failure:
Left sided heart failure: when the left ventricle does not work or pump properly, it is termed as left sided heart failure. The left ventricle will pump blood to various organs in the body except lungs.
Hence the body will not receive required blood to work efficiently. It occurs when the muscle of the left ventricle is strained and it may be the result of a heart attack. The strain on the muscle reduces the efficiency of the left ventricle so that there is backpressure into the left atrium and from there into the lungs. This leads to swelling in the lung tissues (pulmonary oedema) and resulting breathlessness. It is an acute life threatening condition.
The blood will be accumulated in the extra vascular space of the lungs causing pulmonary congestion and edema.
Hence the patient will find it difficult to breathe and creates shortness of breath. These conditions termed as dyspnea.
Causes:
Ischemic heart disease
Hypertension
Aortic and mitral valve diseases
Primary myocardial; diseases
Right sided Heart failure: Right sided heart failure: In right sided head failure the right ventricle does not pump properly and hence the lungs will not receive enough blood to function. This may be due to pulmonary disease and hypertension.
Unlike Left sided heart failure it is a chronic condition, which usually develops slowly. It occurs when the right ventricle is strained and this leads to back pressure in the same kind of way but into the right atrium and the venous system. Oedema (swelling) is usually seen around the ankles but may be on the back if the casualty is in bed for long periods of time.
The blood will be accumulated in the other part of the body because the right atrium cannot collect the blood due to weakness in the right ventricle. This will lead to enlargement of spleen and liver. Also protuberant edema is visualized in the legg and digestive system due to accumulation of fluid.
Right and Left heart failure diagnostic tests:
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Myocardial biopsy
Coronary angiogram
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Echocardiogram
Stress test
Chest X-ray
Blood tests
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