Answers
1. Toxicokinetics
Toxicokinetics is the changes in concentrations of a toxicant over time due to the uptake, biotransformation, distribution and elimination of toxicants in the body.
Phases of toxicokinetics in NSAID poisoning
- Ulcer FORMATION IN STOMACH
- Bleeding in the stomach
- Injury to the kidneys
- Seizures and coma.
Mechanism of action
IT works by reducing substances in the body that cause pain and inflammation. It works by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by inhibition of the transiently expressed prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 (PGES-2) also known as cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2).
2.Triage
It is the assignment of illnesses to decide the order of treatment of a large number of patients or casualties.
Assessment and general examination
- Observe the respiration
- Monitor hydration level
- Asses the neuro status
- Asses the characters of stool and vomitus for the signs of GI bleed.
Uses
To relieve pain, swelling (inflammation), and joint stiffness caused by arthritis.
Pharmacodynamics
Diclofenac reduces inflammation and by extension reduces nociceptive pain and combats fever. It also increases the risk of developing a gastrointestinal ulcer by inhibiting the production of protective mucus in the stomach.
3.Tests to identify diclofenac sodium poisoning
- Liver function test
- Renal function test
- Respiratory assessment
- GI endoscopy
Clinical interventions
Manage patients with symptomatic and supportive care following an NSAID overdosage. There are no specific antidotes.
Consider emesis and/or activated charcoal (60 to 100 grams in adults, 1 to 2 grams per kg of body weight in child) and/or osmotic cathartic in symptomatic patients seen within four hours of ingestion or in patients with a large overdose (5 to 10 times the recommended dosage). Forced diuresis, alkalinization of urine, hemodialysis, or hemoperfusion may not be useful due to high protein binding.