Answers
1. Risk factors of this patient besed on lab values and case presentation are,
* Obesity.
* Hypertension.
* Diabetic melitus.
* Smoking.
* Lack of exercise.
2.Lab test to detect cardiac muscle damage
* hs -CRP (C reactive protein) test
Purpose of test
* presence hs- CRP indicate risk of developing heart disease in a person.
Validity
* If CRP is lower than 1 mg/L indicate low risk of heart disease.
* If CRP is between 1 mg/L and 3 mg/L then it indicate average risk.
* If CRP is greater than 3 mg/L indicate high or severe risk of heart disease.
* Myoglobin test
* myoglobin is commonly found in heart and skeletal muscles but in case of
myocardial damage it appears in blood so useful to detect cardiac muscle
injuries.
* Troponin (Troponin I and Troponin T)
*Normal troponin level is between 0.00 to 0.40 ng/ml.
* High troponin levels in the blood indicate presence of cardiac infammation
congestive heart failure, cardiac muscle weakness and negative result indicate
normal test.
* BNP(Brain natriuretic peptide)
* This blood test measure the level of BNP protein in the blood which is produced
by cardiac muscles and blood vessel .
* Normal range 125pg/ml in the case of patients aged 0 to 74 years.
* 450pg/ml in the case of patient aged 75 to 99 years.
* More than normal level suspect cardicac muscle damage.
3.Three non lab procedures to diagnose cardiac muscle damage
1. Cardiac stress test; It measures hearts response to stress when connected an
ECG(Electrocardiogram).changes in stess test along with lab tests indicate
cardiac muscle damage.
2. Echocardiogram; It detect with the help of sound waves directed to your heart from
a transducer placed on your chest and make video images of heart to identify cardiac
problems.
3. Cardiac MRI or CT; This type of non invasive radiological examinations provide three
or two dimensional images of heart which is useful to detect cardiac damages.
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