Answers
1. RISK FACTOR THAT CANNOT BE CHANGED
- GENDER (male are at high risk)
- AGE
- A Family History of Heart disease
- BEING POST- MENOPOUSAL.
2. RISK FACTOR THAT CAN BE CHANGED
- Smoking
- High LDL, or "bad" cholesterol, and low HDL, or "good" cholesterol
- Uncontrolled hypertension (high blood pressure)
- Physical inactivity
- Obesity
- Uncontrolled diabetes
3.DIFFERENT TYPES OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
1 CORONARY HEART DISEASE
Coronary heart Disease are the disease of the blood vessels supplying the heart muscle.
Major risk factors
High blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, diabetes, advancing age, inherited (genetic) disposition.
Other risk factors include : Poverty, low educational status, poor mental health (depression), inflammation and blood clotting disorders.
2 RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE
Damage to the heart muscle and heart valves from rheumatic fever, caused by streptococcal bacteria.
3 STROKE
Strokes are caused by disruption of the blood supply to the brain. This may result from either blockage (ischaemic stroke) or rupture of a blood vessel (haemorrhagic stroke).
Risk factors
High blood pressure, atrial fibrillation (a heart rhythm disorder), high blood cholesterol, tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, diabetes, Deaths from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and advancing age.
4 CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
Congenital Heart Disease occur by the malformations of heart structures existing at birth may be caused due to genetic factors or by adverse exposures during gestation. Examples are holes in the heart, abnormal valves, and abnormal heart chambers.
Risk factors
Maternal alcohol use, medicines (for example thalidomide, warfarin) used by the expectant mother, maternal infections such as rubella, poor maternal nutrition (low intake of folate), close blood relationship between parents (consanguinity).
5 DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS (DVT ) AND PULMONARY EMBOLISM
Blood clots in the leg veins, which can dislodge and move to the heart and lungs.
Risk factors
Surgery, obesity, cancer, previous episode of DVT, recent childbirth, use of oral contraceptive and hormone replacement therapy, long periods of immobility, for example while travelling, high homocysteine levels in the blood.
6 PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE
Peripheral arterial disease are the disease of the arteries supplying the arms and legs.
Risk factors: same as coronary heart disease.
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